Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid reveals candidate diagnostic biomarkers to distinguish between spinal muscular atrophy type II and type III.

AIMS: Classification of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is associated with the clinical prognosis; however, objective classification markers are scarce. This study aimed to identify metabolic markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with SMA types II and III. METHODS: CSF samples were collected from 40 patients with SMA (27 with type II and 13 with type III) and analyzed for metabolites. RESULTS: We identified 135 metabolites associated with SMA types II and III. These were associated with lysine degradation and arginine, proline, and tyrosine metabolism. We identified seven metabolites associated with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale: 4-chlorophenylacetic acid, adb-chminaca,(+/-)-, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid, norethindrone acetate, 4-(undecan-5-yl) benzene-1-sulfonic acid, dihydromaleimide beta-d-glucoside, and cinobufagin. Potential typing biomarkers, N-cyclohexylformamide, cinobufagin, cotinine glucuronide, N-myristoyl arginine, 4-chlorophenylacetic acid, geranic acid, 4-(undecan-5-yl) benzene, and 7,8-diamino pelargonate, showed good predictive performance. Among these, N-myristoyl arginine was unaffected by the gene phenotype. CONCLUSION: This study identified metabolic markers are promising candidate prognostic factors for SMA. We also identified the metabolic pathways associated with the severity of SMA. These assessments can help predict the outcomes of screening SMA classification biomarkers.

Orchestrating apoptosis and ferroptosis through enhanced sonodynamic therapy using amorphous UIO-66-CoOx.

The development of efficient and multifunctional sonosensitizers is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, we have successfully constructed a CoOx-loaded amorphous metal-organic framework (MOF) UIO-66 (A-UIO-66-CoOx) sonosensitizer with excellent catalase (CAT)- and glutathione-oxidase (GSH-OXD)-like activities. The A-UIO-66-CoOx exhibits a 2.6-fold increase in singlet oxygen (1O2) generation under ultrasound (US) exposure compared to crystalline UIO-66 sonosensitizer, which is attributed to its superior charge transfer efficiency and consistent oxygen (O2) supply. Additionally, the A-UIO-66-CoOx composite reduces the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) by depleting glutathione (GSH) through Co3+ and Co2+ valence changes. The high levels of highly cytotoxic 1O2 and deactivation of GPX4 can lead to lethal lipid peroxidation, resulting in concurrent apoptosis and ferroptosis. Both in vitro and vivo tumor models comprehensively confirmed the enhanced SDT antitumor effect using A-UIO-66-CoOx sonosensitizer. Overall, this study emphasizes the possibility of utilizing amorphization engineering to improve the effectiveness of MOFs-based sonosensitizers for combined cancer therapies.

Prevalence and Associations of Co-occurrence of NFE2L2 Mutations and Chromosome 3q26 Amplification in Lung Cancer.

Background NFE2L2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2) encodes a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor and exhibits variations in various tumor types, including lung cancer. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the impact of simultaneous mutations on the survival of NFE2L2 -mutant lung cancer patients within specific subgroups. Methods A cohort of 1,103 lung cancer patients was analyzed using hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing. Results The NFE2L2 gene had alterations in 3.0% (33/1,103) of lung cancer samples, including 1.5% (15/992) in adenocarcinoma and 16.2% (18/111) in squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty-four variations were found, mainly in exons 2 (27/34). New variations in exon 2 (p.D21H, p.V36_E45del, p.F37_E45del, p.R42P, p.E67Q, and p.L76_E78delinsQ) were identified. Some patients had copy number amplifications. Co-occurrence with TP53 (84.8%), CDKN2A (33.3%), KMT2B (33.3%), LRP1B (33.3%), and PIK3CA (27.3%) mutations was common. Variations of NFE2L2 displayed the tightest co-occurrence with IRF2 , TERC , ATR , ZMAT3 , and SOX2 ( p < 0.001). In The Cancer Genome Atlas Pulmonary Squamous Carcinoma project, patients with NFE2L2 variations and 3q26 amplification had longer median survival (63.59 vs. 32.04 months, p = 0.0459) and better overall survival. Conclusions NFE2L2 mutations display notable heterogeneity in lung cancer. The coexistence of NFE2L2 mutations and 3q26 amplification warrants in-depth exploration of their potential clinical implications and treatment approaches for affected patients.

A bibliometric analysis of cerebral palsy from 2003 to 2022.

Purpose: This bibliometric study explores cerebral palsy (CP) research from 2003 to 2022 to reveal the topic hotspots and collaborations. Methods: We retrieved studies on CP from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2003 to 2022 and then used CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to perform a bibliometric analysis and attain knowledge mapping, including publication outputs, funding, journals, authors, institutions, countries/territories, keywords, collaborative relationships, and topic hotspots. Results: In total, 8,223 articles were published from 2003 to 2022. During this period, the number of publications increased continuously. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology was the most productive and frequently co-cited journal. Boyd was the most productive and influential author, with 143 publications and 4,011 citations. The United States and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam were the most productive countries and institutions, respectively. Researchers and institutions from the USA, Australia, and Canada constituted the core research forces, with extensive collaborations worldwide. The most common keywords were gait (553), rehabilitation (440), spasticity (325), botulinum toxin (174), therapy (148), upper extremity (141), quality of life (140), disability (115), pain (98), electromyography (97), kinematics (90), balance (88), participation (85), and walking (79). Conclusion: This study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the CP-related literature. It reveals that Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology is the most active journal in this field. The USA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Boyd are the top countries, institutions, and authors, respectively. Emerging treatment methods, complication management, and functional recovery comprise the future research directions and potential topic hotspots for CP.

Isoflavones isolated from the fruits of Ficus altissima and their anti-proliferative activities.

Ficus altissima, also known as lofty fig, is a monoecious plant from the Moraceae family commonly found in southern China. In this study, we isolated and identified one new isoflavone (1), three new hydroxycoumaronochromones (2a, 2b and 3a) and 12 known compounds from the fruits of F. altissima. Their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic analysis methods. We also tested all the isolated compounds for their anti-proliferative activities against eight human tumour cell lines (A-549, AGS, K562, K562/ADR, HepG2, HeLa, SPC-A-1 and CNE2) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our experiments showed that compound 6 exhibited obvious anti-proliferative activity against the K562 cell line with an IC50 value of 1.55 µM. Additionally, compounds 8 and 9 showed significant anti-proliferative activities against the AGS and K562 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, compound 6 induced apoptosis in K562 cells through the caspase family signalling pathway.

Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Osteoarticular Brucellosis: A Retrospective Real-World Study in Shenyang, China, 2014-2019.

This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of osteoarticular brucellosis. We conducted a retrospective study enrolling brucellosis patients from the Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang between September 2014 and June 2019. A total of 1917 participants were admitted during this period. After applying propensity score matching, we retrospectively analyzed 429 patients with osteoarthritis and 429 patients without osteoarthritis. The primary outcome was treatment completion. The secondary outcome was symptom disappearance and seroconversion. Brucellosis patients with osteoarthritis had longer treatment course (160 [134.3-185.7] vs. 120 [102.3-137.7] d, p = 0.008) than those without osteoarthritis. The most common involved site was lumbar vertebrae (290 [67.6%]) in brucellosis patients with osteoarthritis. Longer symptom duration (90 [83.0-97.0] vs. 42 [40.2-43.8], p < 0.001) along with no significant difference in seroconversion (180 [178.8-181.2] vs. 180 [135.1-224.9], p = 0.212) was observed in osteoarthritis patients with treatment course >90 d. Peripheral joint involvement (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.485 [1.103-1.999]; p = 0.009) had a shorter symptom duration compared with shaft joint involvement. No significant differences were observed in treatment therapy between doxycycline plus rifampin (DR) or plus cephalosporins (DRC) in treatment course (p = 0.190), symptom persistence (p = 0.294), and seroconversion (p = 0.086). Lumbar vertebra was the most commonly involved site. Even if all symptoms disappeared, Serum agglutination test potentially remained positive in some patients. Compared with peripheral arthritis, shaft arthritis was the high-risk factor for longer symptom duration. The therapeutic effects were similar between DR and DRC. In summary, our study provided important insights into the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of osteoarticular brucellosis. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04020536.

Comparative effectiveness of ehealth self-management interventions for patients with heart failure: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of electronic self-management support interventions in reducing all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, readmission rates, and HF-related readmission in heart failure patients. METHODS: Following the PRISMA-P guidelines and PRISMS taxonomy, we searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for RCTs and trials of electronic health technologies for heart failure interventions. Develop support programs in advance for education, monitoring, reminders, or a combination of these to screen and categorize studies. The Cochrane ROB2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: The monitoring interventions may improve all-cause mortality (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.93) and cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93) compared to usual care. Reminder interventions were associated with significantly reducing readmission rates (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.94). Mixed interventions were most effective in reducing HF-related readmission rates (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.99). CONCLUSION: Electronic self-management interventions, particularly monitoring and reminders, can potentially improve outcomes of heart failure patients, including reducing all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and readmission rates. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The eHealth model and the combination of self-management are significant for long-term intervention in patients with HF to improve their quality of life and prognosis.

Quantifying depressive symptoms on incidence of common chronic diseases and multimorbidity patterns in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and increase risks of various morbidities. However, the extent to which depressive symptoms could account for incidence of these chronic conditions, in particular multimorbidity patterns, remains to be examined and quantified. METHODS: For this cohort analysis, we included 9024-14,093 participants aged 45 years and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and 13 common chronic diseases and 4 multimorbidity patterns. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) combining the information on both exposure prevalence and risk association were estimated to quantify the magnitude of the burden of these conditions attributable to depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were associated with increased risks of liver disease, stroke, heart problem, asthma, diabetes, arthritis, kidney disease, chronic lung disease, digestive disease, dyslipidemia, and memory-related disease, and the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) and PAFs (95% CIs) ranged from 1.15 (1.05-1.26) to 1.64 (1.38-1.96) and 5% (0-10%) to 17% (6-28%), respectively. In addition, individuals with depressive symptoms had elevated risks of the cardiometabolic-cancer pattern, the cerebrovascular-memory pattern, the articular-visceral organ pattern, and the respiratory pattern, with respective HRs (95% CIs) of 1.26 (1.11-1.42), 1.34 (1.07-1.69), 1.45 (1.29-1.63), and 2.01 (1.36-2.96), and respective PAFs (95% CIs) of 5% (0-10%), 8% (-4-21%), 12% (7-17%), and 20% (5-35%). CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms contribute substantially to the burden across a broad range of chronic diseases as well as different multimorbidity patterns in middle-aged and older Chinese.

Effect of 24†h glucose fluctuations on 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: an analysis from the MIMIC-III database.

Background: It is recognized that patients' blood glucose fluctuates over time during acute disease episodes, especially during the outbreak of cardiovascular events, regardless of the presence of an abnormal blood glucose profile prior to admission to the hospital. Glucose fluctuations in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) are currently not adequately monitored and studied. We focused on blood glucose fluctuation values within 24 h of admission to assess their association with 30-day and 1-year mortality. Methods: Data of patients with AMI aged 18 years or older from the Critical Care Medical Information Marketplace database III V1.4 were available for analysis in this research. Glucose data were obtained by measurement. A total of 390 of them were treated with PCI. The principal consequence was 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients with AMI. The effect of different glucose fluctuations within 24 h of admission on mortality was predicted by constructing a multivariate Cox regression model with four model adjustments and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Additionally, we performed curve-fitting analyses to show the correlation between blood glucose fluctuations and risk of death. Results: We selected 1,699 AMI patients into our study through screening. The included population was categorized into three groups based on the tertiles of blood glucose fluctuation values within 24 h of admission to the ICU. The three groups were <25 mg/dl, 25-88 mg/dl and >88 mg/dl. By cox regression analysis, the group with the highest blood glucose fluctuation values (>88 mg/dl) had the most significant increase in 30-day and 1-year mortality after excluding confounding factors (30-day mortality adjusted HR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.49-2.98 p < 0.001; 1-year mortality adjusted HR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.40-2.39 p < 0.001). As demonstrated by the Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the group with the greatest fluctuations in blood glucose has the worst 30-day and 1-year prognosis. Conclusions: The extent of glucose fluctuations in patients with AMI in the first 24 h after ICU admission is an essential predictor as to 30-day as well as 1-year mortality. When blood glucose fluctuates more than 88 mg/dl within 24 h, mortality increases significantly with the range of blood glucose fluctuations.

Fertility preservation in hematological cancer patients.

Among adolescents and young adults, hematological malignancies are the most common malignancies. Although the survival rate of hematological malignancies in young patients has been dramatically improved, due to the continuous improvement and development of tumor diagnosis and treatment options, cytotoxic therapies can significantly reduce a patient's reproductive capacity and cause irreversible infertility. The most two established solutions are embryo cryopreservation and oocyte cryopreservation which can be considered in single female. Sperm or testicular tissue cryopreservation in adult male are feasible approaches that must be considered before gonadotoxic therapy. A comprehensive consultation with reproductive specialists when once diagnosed is a significantly issue which would help those survivors who want to have children. In this article, we review germ cell toxicity, which happens during the treatment of hematological malignancies, and aims to propose safety, efficacy fertility preservation methods in younger patients with hematological malignancies.

COVID-19 vaccination uptake in children with epilepsy and vaccine hesitancy among their parents: a survey.

This study explored the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination coverage among children with epilepsy (CwE), factors affecting vaccination coverage, and the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on epilepsy after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A questionnaire was administered to CwE and their parents at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between December 12, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Data were analyzed using the t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The analysis included 250 CwE who responded to the survey; of these, 152 (60.8%) had been vaccinated against COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in parents whose CwE were not vaccinated was mostly due to concerns of vaccine-related exacerbation of seizures and of vaccine-related adverse reactions (44.30% and 41.90% of the respondents, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that vaccination and number of doses of vaccine did not affect seizure incidence within 1 month of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that CwE below primary school age, and those taking two or more antiseizure medication (ASMs) were less likely to be vaccinated (p = 0.007).   Conclusion: The primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy among parents of unvaccinated CwE were concerns regarding seizure exacerbation and adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination. CwE who were below primary school age and those who took two or more ASMs were less likely to be vaccinated. Addressing parents' concerns is necessary to build their confidence in COVID-19 vaccines and ensure that CwE are vaccinated. What is Known: • People with epilepsy have a higher risk of severe and fatal COVID-19 than those without epilepsy but, despite this, COVID-19 vaccination coverage is considerably lower in people with epilepsy than in people without epilepsy. What is New: • In unvaccinated children with epilepsy, the foremost reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents were concerns about seizure exacerbation and vaccine-related adverse reactions. • Vaccination and number of doses of vaccine did not exacerbate seizures in children with epilepsy, those below primary school level and those taking two or more antiseizure medications were less likely to be vaccinated.

BET inhibitors as a therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal gene signature-positive castration-resistant prostate cancer.

A subgroup of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) aberrantly expresses a gastrointestinal (GI) transcriptome governed by two GI-lineage-restricted transcription factors, HNF1A and HNF4G. In this study, we found that expression of GI transcriptome in CRPC correlates with adverse clinical outcomes to androgen receptor signaling inhibitor treatment and shorter overall survival. Bromo- and extra-terminal domain inhibitors (BETi) downregulated HNF1A, HNF4G, and the GI transcriptome in multiple CRPC models, including cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and patient-derived xenografts, while AR and the androgen-dependent transcriptome were largely spared. Accordingly, BETi selectively inhibited growth of GI transcriptome-positive preclinical models of prostate cancer. Mechanistically, BETi inhibited BRD4 binding at enhancers globally, including both AR and HNF4G bound enhancers while gene expression was selectively perturbed. Restoration of HNF4G expression in the presence of BETi rescued target gene expression without rescuing BRD4 binding. This suggests that inhibition of master transcription factors expression underlies the selective transcriptional effects of BETi. SIGNIFICANCE: GI transcriptome expression in CRPC is regulated by the HNF1A-HNF4G-BRD4 axis and correlates with worse clinical outcomes. Accordingly, BET inhibitors significantly reduce tumor cell growth in multiple GI-transcriptome-positive preclinical models of CRPC. Our studies point that expression of GI transcriptome could serve as a predictive biomarker to BETi therapy response.

Iatrogenic skin injuries in infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units: An investigation in 22 Chinese units.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of iatrogenic skin injuries in neonates across 22 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in China. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: 22 NICUs in China. PATIENTS: Infants admitted to NICU. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS: The "Iatrogenic Skin Injuries Data Collection Form of infants" were used to collect the data during hospitalization. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 8126 neonates who were hospitalized in 22 tertiary hospitals across 15 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of China between December 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020 were analyzed. Five hundred and twenty-one infants had iatrogenic skin injuries, including 250 with diaper dermatitis (47.98%), 70 with physicochemical factor-related skin lesions (PCFRSIs) (13.44%), 81 with medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) (15.55%), and 69 with medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSIs) (13.24%), accounting for 91% of the total number of iatrogenic injuries. Among these, diaper dermatitis was closely related to the skin and feeding status. Furthermore, the risk was higher among neonates who had skin damage upon admission or were already fully fed orally. The influencing factors of MDRPIs and MARSIs were similar. They were negatively associated with gestational age and birth weight, and were closely related to the presence of various tubes. CONCLUSIONS: Diaper dermatitis, PCFRSIs, MDRPIs, and MARSIs were the four common types of iatrogenic skin injuries in newborns. The various types of iatrogenic skin injuries were influenced by varying factors. Specialized nursing measurements can reduce the likelihood of these injuries.

Disrupted gut microecology after high-dose 131I therapy and radioprotective effects of arachidonic acid supplementation.

BACKGROUND: Despite the potential radiotoxicity in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with high-dose 131I therapy, the alterations and regulatory mechanisms dependent on intestinal microecology remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify the characteristics of the gut microbiota and metabolites in DTC patients suffering from high-dose 131I therapy and explore the radioprotective mechanisms underlying arachidonic acid (ARA) treatment. METHODS: A total of 102 patients with DTC were recruited, with fecal samples collected before and after 131I therapy for microbiome and untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses. Mice were exposed to total body irradiation with ARA replenishment and antibiotic pretreatment and were subjected to metagenomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses. RESULTS: 131I therapy significantly changed the structure of gut microbiota and metabolite composition in patients with DTC. Lachnospiraceae were the most dominant bacteria after 131I treatment, and metabolites with decreased levels and pathways related to ARA and linoleic acid were observed. In an irradiation mouse model, ARA supplementation not only improved quality of life and recovered hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems but also ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation and preserved enteric microecology composition. Additionally, antibiotic intervention eliminated the radioprotective effects of ARA. Proteomic analysis and ursolic acid pretreatment showed that ARA therapy greatly influenced intestinal lipid metabolism in mice subjected to irradiation by upregulating the expression of hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight that ARA, as a key metabolite, substantially contributes to radioprotection. Our study provides novel insights into the pivotal role that the microbiota-metabolite axis plays in radionuclide protection and offers effective biological targets for treating radiation-induced adverse effects.

Encapsulation of an enzyme-immobilized smart polymer membrane in a metal-organic framework for enhancement of catalytic performance.

Encapsulation of enzymes within porous materials has shown great promise for protecting enzymes from denaturation, increasing their tolerance to harsh environments and promoting their industrialization. However, controlling the conformational freedom of the encapsulated enzymes to enhance their catalytic performance remains a great challenge. To address this issue, herein, following immobilization of GOx and HRP on a thermo-responsive porous poly(styrene-maleic-anhydride-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PSMN) membrane, a GOx-HRP@PSMN@HZIF-8 composite was fabricated by encapsulating GOx-HRP@PSMN in hollow ZIF-8 (HZIF-8) with liposome (L) as the sacrificial template. The improved conformational freedom for enzymes arising from the hollow cavity formed in ZIF-8 through the removal of L enhanced the mass transfer and dramatically promoted the catalytic activity of the composite. Interestingly, at high temperature, the coiled PN moiety in PSMN provided the confinement effect for GOx-HRP, which also significantly boosted the catalytic performance of the composites. Compared to the maximum catalytic reaction rates (Vmax) of GOx-HRP@PSMN@LZIF-8, the free enzyme and GOx-HRP@ZIF-8, the Vmax of the GOx-HRP@PSMN@HZIF-8 composite exhibited an impressive 17.8-fold, 10.8-fold and 6.0-fold enhancement at 37 °C, respectively. The proposed composites successfully demonstrated their potential as catalytic platforms for the colorimetric detection of glucose in a cascade reaction. This study paves a new way for overcoming the current limitations of immobilizing enzymes in porous materials and the use of smart polymers for the potential fabrication of enzyme@polymer@MOF composites with tunable conformational freedom and confinement effect.

The association between human papillomavirus infection, vaginal microecology, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women from Xinjiang, China.

PURPOSE: This study analyzes the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, vaginal microecology, and cervical lesions to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer (CC) in the Xinjiang region. METHODS: Real-time quantitative PCR was used for HPV genotyping and viral load. The Gram staining and dry biochemical enzyme kit were utilized to diagnose vaginal secretions. The χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The HPV infection rate among women in the Xinjiang region was 30.29%, of which the single HPV infection accounts for 77%. HPV16 and HPV52 were the main infection types. There was significant differences in the HPV infection rate and infection types among the Han, Uighur, Hui, and Kazakh ethnic groups. The viral load of HPV16 and HPV52 increases with the upgrade of cervical lesions. There were significant differences in vaginal microecology evaluation indicators H2O2, SNA, LE, GUS, trichomonas, clue cells, and lactobacilli among different ethnic groups. HPV negative patients with varying grades of cervical lesions exhibit a notable variance in H2O2 and LE, which is statistically significant. Single HPV infection and high viral load HPV significantly increase the risk of CC. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that HPV infection and vaginal microecology differ among ethnic groups, which have a strong correlation with the progression of CC, offering guidance on CC screening and interventions in the Xinjiang area.

Social Impacts of the American Red Cross (ARC) Disaster Interventions: A Scoping Review.

The American Red Cross (ARC) self-reports post-disaster efforts annually, potentially biased for public image. The lack of formal reviews of ARC interventions' social impacts further exacerbates the issue. This scoping review aims to address both issues by summarizing and evaluating the social impact of ARC's national disaster interventions. As a secondary objective, this review will also provide important information to guide ARC and other organizations in truly fulfilling their missions. The inclusion criteria involve participants of all age groups, marginalized communities, displaced individuals, and ARC disaster responders. Opinionated statements, except for anecdotes, were excluded. This review involves all United States (US) areas that have been affected by disasters and required assistance from ARC. With no search limits, all evidence was searched on PubMed from July to August 2023. Two stages of screening were conducted by two independent reviewers: title/abstract screening and full-text screening. During each stage, each paper underwent a quality assessment. Disagreements in each stage were resolved before proceeding to the next stage. Through 22 academic papers, the review outlines key themes in ARC comprehensive interventions on disaster preparedness and on-site disaster interventions. However, research gaps were found in ARC recovery interventions, especially their impact on evacuees. This investigation found that ARC makes general efforts to address the needs of communities they assist before, during, and after disasters. Because the results suggest that ARC is moving in the correct direction in reducing the nationwide harm disasters cause, ARC's social impact on studied populations is mostly positive.

CCNA2 and KIF23 are molecular targets for the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a tumor type derived from glands. However, relationship between CCNA2 and KIF23, and adenoid cystic carcinoma remains unclear. METHODS: GSE36820 and GSE88804 profiles for ACC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was conducted. Subsequently, the construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed. A gene expression heat map was generated to visually depict the expression difference of core genes between adenoid cystic carcinoma and normal samples. TargetScan was employed to identify miRNAs that regulated central DEGs. Western blotting (WB) was conducted for cell verification. RESULTS: A total of 885 DEGs were identified. GO and KEGG analyses revealed their main enrichment in responses to chemical stimuli, cell proliferation, tissue development, and regulation of cell proliferation. The GO and KEGG results indicated significant enrichment in aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, the cell cycle, and the PPAR signaling pathway. Notably, core genes (CCNA2 and KIF23) were found to be highly expressed in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma samples and expressed at low levels in normal samples. WB validated the overexpression of CCNA2 and KIF23 in the Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma group, confirming the protein-level changes associated with cell cycle, metastasis, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma groups with gene overexpression and knockout. CONCLUSIONS: CCNA2 and KIF23 exhibit high expression levels in ACC, suggesting their potential role as molecular targets for this malignancy.

Impact of co-substrate molecular weight on methane production potential, microbial community dynamics, and metabolic pathways in waste activated sludge anaerobic co-digestion.

Proteins and carbohydrates are important organics in waste activated sludge, and greatly affect methane production and microbial community composition in anaerobic digestion systems. Here, a series of co-substrates with different molecular weight were applied to investigate the interactions between microbial dynamics and the molecular weight of co-substrates. Biochemical methane production assays conducted in batch co-digesters showed that feeding high molecular weight protein and carbohydrate substrates resulted in higher methane yield and production rates. Moreover, high-molecular weight co-substrates increased the microbial diversity, enriched specific microbes including Longilinea, Anaerolineaceae, Syner-01, Methanothrix, promoted acidogenic and acetoclastic methanogenic pathways. Low-molecular weight co-substrates favored the growth of JGI-0000079-D21, Armatimonadota, Methanosarcina, Methanolinea, and improved hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway. Besides, Methanoregulaceae and Methanolinea were indicators of methane yield. This study firstly revealed the complex interactions between co-substrate molecular weight and microbial communities, and demonstrated the feasibility of adjusting co-substrate molecular weight to improve methane production process.